Abstract IAC Nuance and IAC Tigre are special common bean cultivars for consumption in Brazil and for international markets. IAC Nuance has a 75-day cycle, with cranberry type rajado (streaked/dappled) bean seeds. IAC Tigre has 85-day cycle, a cream-colored seed coat with brown specks (pinto bean type). These cultivars are moderately resistant to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and bacterial wilt.

Abstract IAC 1849 Polaco is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige/cream-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, 75-day mean maturity , semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed darkening, mean 1000-seed weight of 240 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and mean seed yield of 2464 kg ha-1 obtained in 18 experiments.

Abstract The black bean cultivar IAC Veloz developed by the dry edible bean (or common bean) breeding program of the Instituto Agronômico-IAC stands out because of its early cycle, upright plant type, 1000 seed weight of 220 grams, and mean yield potential of 3770 kg ha-1 in a total of 18 environments.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on 12 bean genotypes through the analysis of their reproductive biology in terms of flowering, pollen viability, meiotic behavior, and production. Plants were grown in a climate chamber at 25-20 °C (day and night) and at a high temperature treatment 37-26 °C (day and night) from the vegetative (V4) development stage to physiological maturity. The experimental design was 2 × 12 factorial arrangement with six replications and the factors consisted of heat treatments and genotypes. In three replications, the number of newly opened flowers was checked daily. At physiological maturity, the following traits were evaluated: percentage of pod set, number of pods, number of viable seeds, number of aborted seeds, 100 seed weight, and seed yield (g per plant). The other three replications were used to collect flowers to create slides to study viability of the pollen grain and analyze the meiotic behavior. The heat treatment factor significantly affected the following traits: total number of pollen grains, number of flowers, number of pods, pod set, number of viable seeds, 100 seed weight, and seed yield. The raised temperature reduced these variables, except for percentage of pod set, and increased meiotic irregularities. The mean values regarding seed yield were 16.39 g per plant for the control treatment and 7.46 g per plant under high temperature. IAC Imperador, FT Nobre, Pérola, BRS Estilo, and IAC Diplomata stood out for higher bean seed yield under increased temperature.

Abstract IAC 1850 is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, average cycle of 88 days, semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed coat darkening, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and a high average yield (2,857 kg ha-1) obtained in 36 experiments conducted in different regions in Brazil.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate twelve genotypes of common bean for intermittent drought stress and for root growth angle. The water deficit experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016in a randomized block experimental design with split plots and three replications. Two treatments were applied: an irrigated treatment and a water deficit treatment, in which irrigation was suspended in pre-flowering and remained suspended up to the time at which the matrix potential of the soil was measured to be near –199 kPa. Atthe maximum point of water deficit, physiological and morphological traits were evaluated, and at physiological maturity, the yield compounds and grain yield. To evaluate root growth angle in 2016, a growth pouch system was used in a randomized block design, with five replications. Water deficit reduced genotype performance for all the traits except leaf temperature and first pod height. In relation to grain yield, the genotypes SEA 5 and Carioca Precoce performed better under water restriction conditions in both evaluations. The genotype Gen TS 4-7 performed better in the 2015 evaluation, and Gen TS 3-1 andGen TS 3-3 in 2016. SEA 5, Gen TS 3-1, and Carioca Precoce had the highest harvest indexes in 2015; and Gen TS 3-1, Gen TS 3-2,Gen TS 3-3, Gen P5-4-3-1, IAPAR 81, Carioca Precoce, and SEA 5 in 2016. SEA 5 and Carioca Precoce had the best root growth angle and were considered sources of tolerance to water deficit.

RESUMO Frente ao impacto das questões climáticas e sua influência direta sobre a produção agrícola, o objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar genótipos superiores de feijoeiro comum submetidos ao déficit hídrico. Dessa forma, trinta genótipos de feijoeiro comum foram avaliados em condições controladas de casa de vegetação, sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições, sendo as parcelas constituídas pelos tratamentos hídricos (irrigado e déficit hídrico) e as subparcelas, pelos genótipos. Constatou-se variabilidade genética entre os acessos avaliados e, apesar da redução significativa da produtividade de grãos e da condutância estomática sob deficiência hídrica, as duas características apresentaram correlações significativas e positivas, podendo ser aplicadas na seleção precoce de genótipos neste tipo de condição de estresse. Outra importante resposta foi com relação aos genótipos SER-16, SEN 92, FT Paulistinha, Carioca Precoce, IAC Imperador e SXB 410 que apresentaram os melhores desempenhos produtivos nos dois tratamentos hídricos aplicados, podendo ser amplamente utilizados em programas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares, visando principalmente a característica de tolerância à seca.

ABSTRACT Given the impact of climate issues and their direct influence on agricultural production, the aim of this study was to identify superior genotypes of dry edible common bean under water deficit. Thus, 30 common bean genotypes were evaluated under controlled greenhouse conditions in a randomized block experimental design with split plots and four replications; the plots consisted of the water treatments (irrigated and water deficit) and the split plots consisted of the genotypes. The results showed genetic variability among the accessions evaluated, and in spite of significant reduction in grain yield and stomatal conductance under water deficit, these two traits showed significant, positive correlation and are able to be applied in early selection of genotypes under this stress condition. Another important response was in relation to the genotypes SER-16, SEN 92, FT Paulistinha, Carioca Precoce, IAC Imperador, and SXB 410, which showed the best yield performances in the two water treatments applied. They can be widely used in breeding programs for development of new cultivars, especially aiming at drought tolerance.

Abstract IAC Sintonia, new common bean cultivar, was developed to incorporate moderate resistance to the main pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum allied to great grain yield observed, 5,750.00 kg ha-1. IAC Sintonia has semi-upright architecture and indeterminate growth habit (Type II), cycle is around 90 days and, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams.

RESUMO O feijoeiro comum é uma das leguminosas mais importantes na América Latina, sendo, na maioria das vezes, cultivado em solos com pouca disponibilidade de fósforo (P). Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as respostas de 20 genótipos de feijoeiro frente à deficiência de P. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 20, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas doses de P e o segundo fator, por 20 genótipos de feijão, com seis repetições. Como substrato, utilizou-se um Latossolo Vermelho Eutrófico, com baixo teor de P. Para aplicação dos tratamentos com doses de P, utilizou-se superfostato simples, constando de duas doses: restritiva e controle, com a aplicação, respectivamente, de 45 e 90 kg∙ha–1 de P2O5. Aos 28 dias, foi possível observar os primeiros sintomas de deficiência do nutriente, com a diminuição do índice relativo de clorofila no tratamento com a dose restritiva. Além disso, foi possível verificar que os tratamentos foram efetivos para diferenciar tanto os efeitos de doses quanto os efeitos de genótipos para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas quanto à parte aérea, ao sistema radicular e aos componentes de produção. Foi possível classificar os genótipos quanto à eficiência de uso e responsividade à aplicação do P de acordo com seus desempenhos produtivos médios. Sete genótipos destacaram-se apresentando desempenhos superiores à média em ambas as doses de P, sendo estes classificados como Eficientes e Responsivos: G 2333, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAPAR 81, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, BRS Esplendor e IPR Tangará, sendo que os quatro primeiros genótipos também foram classificados como Eficientes e Responsivos em condições de hidroponia.

ABSTRACT Common bean is one of the most important legumes in Latin America, mostly grown in soils with low phosphorus (P) availability. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the responses of 20 bean genotypes to P deficiency. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2 × 20 factorial arrangement; the first factor consisted of P levels and the second factor, of 20 bean genotypes, with six replications. The substrate was a Red Eutrophic Oxisol with low P content. For application of the P treatments, it was applied simple superphosphate, consisting of two levels: restrictive and control, with the application of 45 and 90 kg∙ha–1 of P2O5, respectively. At 28 days, we observed the first symptoms of nutrient deficiency, with the decrease in the relative chlorophyll index in the restrictive level treatment. In addition, the treatments were effective in differentiating effects of both factors levels of P and genotypes for most traits evaluated relative to shoot, root and grain yield. It was possible to classify the genotypes in relation to use efficiency and responsiveness to P application, according to their average yield performances. Seven genotypes presented better performances for both P levels, being classified as Efficient and Responsive: G 2333, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAPAR 81, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, BRS Esplendor and IPR Tangará; the first four genotypes were also classified as Efficient and Responsive under hydroponic conditions.

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro aos principais patógenos da cultura, bem como a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de produção de grãos desses genótipos. Avaliaram-se 26 genótipos de feijoeiro quanto à resistência a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseolie Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, por meio de inoculação, em laboratório, e em 19 ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso (VCU), em diferentes locais do Estado de São Paulo, nas safras das "águas", "seca" e "inverno", durante os anos agrícolas 2011, 2012 e 2013. Dezoito genótipos foram considerados resistentes: sete deles a C. lindemuthianum, sete a F. oxysporumf. sp. phaseolie quatro a X. axonopodispv. phaseoli. A reação de resistência aos patógenos está associada à estabilidade dos genótipos. Por meio das análises GGE biplot, foi possível identificar genótipos com adaptabilidade e estabilidade superiores às das testemunhas, nos dois grupos de tegumento avaliados, em todas as épocas de semeadura.

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of bean genotypes to the main pathogens of the culture, and the adaptability and stability of these genotypes' grain yield. Twenty-six genotypes were evaluated for their resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, by inoculation, in laboratory, and in 19 trials the value for cultivation and use (VCU), in different locations of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in "rainy", "dry", and "winter" seasons, during the growing years of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Eighteen genotypes were considered resistant, as follows: seven of them to C. lindemuthianum, seven to F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, and four to X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli. Resistance reaction to pathogens is associated with genotype stability. GGE biplot analyses made it possible to identify genotypes superior to the controls for adaptability and stability, in the two groups of integument evaluated in all sowing dates.

O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento de genitores de feijoeiro para compor um programa de melhoramento visando à tolerância à seca. A capacidade geral e específica de combinação das cultivares foram avaliadas utilizando genitores identificados como tolerantes à seca (BAT 477 e SEA 5), genitores desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Agronômico – IAC (IAC Alvorada e IAC Carioca Tybatã) e suas progênies, oriundas de um dialelo completo, incluindo os recíprocos. A semeadura foi realizada em solo, usando delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, tanto para o experimento com irrigação como para o experimento com déficit hídrico, aplicado a partir do pré-florescimento. As plantas submetidas ao déficit hídrico permaneceram nessa condição por um período de 30 dias. Foram avaliados caracteres fisiológicos, morfológicos, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos, observando-se a presença de efeitos aditivos e não aditivos no controle das características, além de indicar que os genitores empregados no estudo contribuíram de forma diferenciada nos cruzamentos de que participaram. Considerando o déficit hídrico na pré-floração, os genitores SEA 5 e IAC Alvorada apresentaram efeitos positivos quanto à capacidade geral de combinação para os caracteres produtividade e massa de mil grãos, enquanto o genitor SEA 5 também destacou-se com efeito positivo em relação ao número de sementes por vagem, sugerindo o incremento para essas características nos cruzamentos dos quais participaram. O cruzamento SEA 5 × IAC Alvorada destacou-se para a característica produtividade de grãos por apresentar maior efeito positivo para capacidade específica de combinação e por ter como genitores as cultivares que apresentaram valores positivos para capacidade geral de combinação.

This paper aimed at selecting parents to compose a common bean breeding program for drought tolerance. General and specific combining abilities were evaluated under controlled conditions, using drought tolerant parents (BAT 477 and SEA 5), elite cultivars developed at IAC (IAC Alvorada and IAC Carioca Tybatã) and their progenies obtained from a complete diallel, including the reciprocals. Sowing was done in soil following a randomized block design with three replications for both experiments, the control with irrigation and the drought stress experiment imposed from pre-flowering stage. Plants remained under drought stress for 30 days. Physiological and morphological traits as well as yield components and grain yield were evaluated, detecting additive and non-additive effects controlling these traits. The parents used in this study had contributed in different proportions in the crosses they participated in. Regarding the drought stress condition in the pre-flowering stage, the parents SEA 5 and IAC Alvorada presented greater positive effects for the general combining ability for the yield and weight of one thousand seeds, whereas the parent SEA 5 also showed a positive effect for the number of seeds per pod, suggesting the increase of these traits in the crosses they participated in. The hybrid combinations SEA 5 × IAC Alvorada showed a positive result for grain yield, related to the higher positive effect for specific combining ability and because they have as parents the cultivars which confer the best positive values for general combining ability.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is frequently grown in weathered soils with low phosphorus (P) availability, and this is one of the main limitations on its production. This study aimed to assess 20 common bean genotypes in a hydroponic system to select the best P concentration for inducing nutritional deficiency and to classify the genotypes in terms of nutrient utilization efficiency. The concentrations of P applied were 8.00, 4.00, 2.00 and 0.05 mg L¹. At 21 days, in the plot subjected to an application of the most severe stress, the 0.05 mg L¹ dose of P, had smaller plant size and early leaf abscission was observed. The 4.00 mg L¹ dose of P was the most efficient in inducing stress for discrimination of cultivars in terms of efficiency of use of P. The following genotypes: IAPAR 81, Carioca Comum, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAC Imperador and G 2333 stood out as being efficient and responsive to P, while the two cultivars DOR 364 and Jalo Precoce were the most inefficient and unresponsive.

Com o advento da agricultura moderna, as sementes crioulas foram, em geral, substituídas por cultivares híbridos, com elevado potencial produtivo, porém mais dependentes de insumos e tecnologias intensivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar variedades de milho crioulo, de forma a identificar materiais mais produtivos e que propiciem o processo sustentável no qual os próprios grãos possam ser utilizados como semente. Foram avaliadas 15 variedades de milho crioulo, tendo como testemunhas as cultivares comerciais BR 106 e IPR 114. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Arapongas e Imbaú, Estado do Paraná, durante o ano agrícola de 2004/2005, sem a utilização de insumos externos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por duas linhas de 4 m, espaçadas 90 cm entre linhas e com 20 plantas/linha. As variedades crioulas P-13, P-15 e P-05 demonstraram potencial produtivo elevado em sistemas de baixo nível tecnológico, dentro de cada local, assim como na média dos locais. As variedades P-19 e P-10 têm sua recomendação restrita à localidade de Imbaú, enquanto que P-16 e P-17 serão direcionadas para a localidade de Arapongas.

With the advent of modern agriculture, landrace seeds were replaced by hybrid cultivars, which feature high grain yield potential - though more dependent on intensive technologies. The objective of this work was to evaluate maize landraces, in order to identify more productive materials that can lead a sustainable process in which the grains themselves in which can be used as seed. Fifteen maize varieties were evaluated, with commercial cultivars BR 106 and IPR 114 as controls. The experiments were carried out in Arapongas and Imbaú (Paraná State), during the 2004/2005 agricultural year, without external input. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The plots were two 4-m rows, spaced 90 cm apart, with 20 plants/row. The landrace varieties P-13, P-15 and P-05 showed high productive potential in low technological level systems, at each location, as well as in the average of both locales. The varieties P-19 and P-10 have their recommendation restricted to Imbaú, while P-16 and P-17 will be indicated for Arapongas.